Wave forces with slope in front of the vertical wall/ structural defence:

1. hB/Hs = 0.78

2. hB/Hs > 0.78

3. -1.5 = hB/Hs = -1

4. -1 < hB/Hs = 0.78

5. hB/Hs > 0.78

furthermore:

and

In which:

Fmax: force per metre construction [N/m]
g: acceleration of gravity (= 9.81) [m/s2]
Hs: significant wave height [m]
hB: water level at the foot of the wall in relation to the berm, quay or foreland (positive upward) [m]
hM: moment arm in relation to the still water line where the maximum force is experienced
M: moment per metre of wall (calculated at the point where the wall joins the quay, shallow foreland, berm or slope) [Nm/m]
s0p: wave steepness in deep water [-]
Tp: peak period [s]
ñ: volumetric mass of the water [kg/m3]

Reference:

[a] Golfoverslag en krachten op verticale waterkeringsconstructies, WL H2014. augustus 1998